Charles III, Duke of Parma

Charles III, Duke of Parma (Ferdinando Carlo Vittorio Giuseppe Maria Baldassarre; 14 January 1823 – 27 March 1854) was the sovereign Duke of Parma from 1849 to 1854. His father Charles II became the reigning Duke of Parma, but abdicated on 24 March 1849. Charles III became the Duke of Parma, Piacenza and the Annexed States. Charles III owed his throne to the support of Austrian troops. He placed Parma under martial law, inflicted heavy penalties on the members of the late provisional government, closed the university, and instituted a regular policy of persecution. His authoritarian policies made him unpopular. After reigning only five years, he was assassinated in March 1854.

Issue

 * 1) Princess Margherita of Parma (1 January 1847 – 29 January 1893) married Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid and had issue.
 * 2) Robert I, Duke of Parma (9 July 1848 – 16 November 1907) married (1) |Princess Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies and had issue married (2) Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria) and had issue, married (3) Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal  and had issue.
 * 3) Princess Alicia of Parma 27 December 1849 – 16 January 1935) married Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany and had issue.
 * 4) Prince Enrico of Parma, Count of Bardi (12 February 1851 – 14 April 1905) married (1)  Princess Maria Luisa of the Two Sicilies, married (2) Infanta Adelgundes of Portugal and had issue.

Titles and styles

 * 14 January 1823 - 3 March 1824 His Royal Highness Prince Carlo of Parma, Infante of Spain.
 * 3 March 1824 – 17 December 1847 His Royal Highness The Hereditary Prince of Lucca, Infante of Spain.
 * 17 December 1847 – 17 May 1849 His Royal Highness The Hereditary Prince of Parma, Infante of Spain.
 * 24 March 1849 – 27 March 1854 His Royal Highness The Duke of Parma, Piacenza, and the Annexed States, Infante of Spain.