Robert I, Duke of Parma

Robert I (Italian: Roberto Carlo Luigi Maria; 9 July 1848 – 16 November 1907) was the last sovereign Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1854 until 1859, when the duchy was annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont during the Risorgimento. He was a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma and descended from Philip, Duke of Parma, the third son of King Philip V of Spain and Queen Elisabeth Farnese.

First marriage
On 5 April 1869, he married Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, daughter of King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies in Rome.

Issue

 * 1) Princess Marie Louise of Parma (17 January 1870 – 31 January 1899) married Ferdinand I, Prince of Bulgaria and had issue.
 * 2) Ferdinando, Prince of Piacenza	(5 March 1871 - 14 April 1871) died unmarried.
 * 3) Princess Luisa Maria of Parma (24 March 1872 - 22 June 1943) died unmarried.
 * 4) Henry, Duke of Parma (13 June 1873 – 16 November 1939) died unmarried.
 * 5) Princess Maria Immacolata of Parma (21 July 1874 - 16 May 1914) died unmarried.
 * 6) Joseph, Duke of Parma (30 June 1875 – 7 January 1950) died unmarried.
 * 7) Princess Maria Teresa	of Parma (15 October 1876 -	25 January 1959) died unmarried.
 * 8) Princess Maria Pia	 of Parma (9 October 1877 - 29 January 1915) died unmarried.
 * 9) Princess Beatrice	of Parma (9 January 1879 - 11 March 1946)	Married Count Pietro Lucchesi-Palli and had issue.
 * 10) Elias, Duke of Parma 23 July 1880 – 27 June 1959) married Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria and had issue.
 * 11) Princess Maria Anastasia of Parma (25 August 1881 - 7 September 1881) died in infancy.
 * 12) Prince Augusto	of Parma (22 September 1882) stillborn on that killed Maria Pia.

Second marriage
On 15 October 1884, he married Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal, daughter of the deposed King Miguel I of Portugal and Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg.

Issue

 * 1) Princess Maria della Neve Adelaide	of Parma (August 1885 -	6 February 1959) Benedictine nun at St. Cecilia's Abbey, Solesmes.
 * 2) Prince Sixtus of Parma 1 August 1886 – 14 March 1934) marrried Hedwige de La Rochefoucauld and had issue.
 * 3) Prince Xavier of Parma (25 May 1889 – 7 May 1977) married Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset and had issue.
 * 4) Princess Francesca	of Parma (22 April 1890 - 7 October 1978) Benedictine nun at St. Cecilia's Abbey, Solesmes.
 * 5) Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma (9 May 1892	14 March 1989)	married Charles I of Austria.
 * 6) Prince Felix of Parma (28 September 1893 – 8 April 1970) married Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg and had issue.
 * 7) Prince René of -Parma (17 October 1894 – 30 July 1962) married Princess Margaret of Denmark and had issue.
 * 8) Princess Maria Antonia	of Parma (7 November 1895 - 	19 October 1977)	Benedictine nun at St. Cecilia's Abbey, Solesmes.
 * 9) Princess Isabella of Parma (14 June 1898- 28 July 1984)	Died unmarried.
 * 10) Prince Luigi of Parma (5 December 1899	 - 4 December 1967) married Princess Maria Francesca of Savoy and had issue.
 * 11) Princess Henrietta	of Parma (8 March 1903 - 13 June 1987)	died unmarried.
 * 12) Prince Gaetano of Parma married Princess Margarete of Thurn und Taxis and had issue.