Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold II (Peter Leopold Josef Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard; 5 May 1747 – 1 March 1792) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia, and Archduke of Austria from 1790 to 1792, and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. He was a son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and the brother of Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, Maria Carolina of Austria, Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma, and Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor. Leopold was a moderate proponent of enlightened absolutism He granted the Academy of Georgofili his protection. Unusually for his time, he opposed capital punishment and abolished it in Tuscany in 1786 during his rule there, making it the first nation in modern history to do so.

Issue

 * 1) Maria Theresa of Austria (14 January 1767 – 7 November 1827) married Anton of Saxony and had issue.
 * 2) Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) married Elisabeth of Württemberg and had issue; married Maria Theresa of Naples and had issue, married Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este no issue; married Caroline Augusta of Bavaria no issue.
 * 3) Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (6 May 1769 – 18 June 1824) married Luisa of Naples and had issue; married Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony no issue.
 * 4) Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (22 April 1770 – 1 October 1809) died unmarried.
 * 5) Archduke Karl of Austria (5 September 1771 – 30 April 1847) married Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg and had issue.
 * 6) Alexander Leopold of Austria (14 August 1772 – 12 July 1795) never married.
 * 7) Archduke Albrecht Johann Joseph of Austria (19 September 1773 – 22 July 1774) died in infancy.
 * 8) Archduke Maximilian of Austria (23 December 1774 – 10 March 1778) died in infancy.
 * 9) Archduke Joseph of Austria (9 March 1776 – 13 January 1847) married Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia and had issue; married Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym and had issue; married Maria Dorothea of Württemberg and had issue.
 * 10) Maria Clementina of Austria (1777–1801) married Prince Francesco, Hereditary Prince of Naples and had issue.
 * 11) Archduke Anton of Austria (1779–1835) niver married.
 * 12) Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria (1780–1798) never married.
 * 13) Archduke Johann of Austria (1782–1859) married morganatically.
 * 14) Archduke Rainer of Austria (30 September 1783 – 16 January 1853) married Princess Elisabeth of Savoy and had issue.
 * 15) Archduke Louis of Austria (13 December 1784 – 21 December 1864) never married.
 * 16) Archduke Rudolph of Austria (8 January 1788 – 24 July 1831) never married.

Titles and styles

 * 5 May 1747 – 18 August 1765 His Royal Highness Peter Leopold, Prince Imperial and Archduke of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, Prince of Tuscany
 * 18 August 1765 – 30 September 1790 His Royal Highness The Grand Duke of Tuscany, Prince Imperial and Archduke of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary an Bohemia
 * 30 September 1790 – 1 March 1792 His Imperial Majesty The Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Croatia, Dalmatia, Slavonia, Galicia, Lodomeria, etc.