Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor

Francis I (8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was the sovereign Duke of Lorraine and Bar (1729–1737), and later Grand Duke of Tuscany (1737–1765), who married Maria Theresa of Austria and became the last non-Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor (1745–1765) and Archduke of Austria (1740–1765). His wife effectively ruled Austria and the Holy Roman Empire. They were the founders of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. The oldest surviving son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, Francis left the duchy for the deposed Polish king Stanisław Leszczyński in exchange for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany as one of the terms ending the War of the Polish Succession in 1738. The duchy and the ducal title to Lorraine and Bar passed to King Louis XV of France upon Leszczynski's death in 1766, though Francis and his successors retained the right to style themselves as dukes of Lorraine and Bar.

Issue

 * 1) Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (1737–1740) died in infancy.
 * 2) Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (1738–1789) died in infancy.
 * 3) Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (1740–1741) died in infancy.
 * 4) Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor  (1741–1790) married (1) Princess Isabella of Parma then (2) Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria and had issue.
 * 5) Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria (1742–1798) married Prince Albert Casimir August of Saxony and had issue.
 * 6) Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (1743–1808) never married.
 * 7) Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria (1745–1761) never married.
 * 8) Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria (1746–1804) married Ferdinando, Duke of Parma and had issue.
 * 9) Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (1747–1792)
 * 10) Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (stillborn 1748)
 * 11) Archduchess Maria Johanna of Gabriele of Austria (1750–1762) died in infancy.
 * 12) Archduchess  Maria Josepha of Austria (1751–1767) never married
 * 13) Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (1752–1814) married Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and had issue.
 * 14) Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, Duke of Breisgau (1754-1806) married Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa and had issue.
 * 15) Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria (Marie Antoinette) (1755–1793) married Louis XVI of France and had issue.
 * 16) Archduke Maximilian Franz of Austria (1756–1801)

Titles and styles

 * 8 December 1708 - 4 June 1723 His Highness Prince Francis Stephan of Lorraine.
 * 4 June 1723 - 27 March 1729 His Highness The Hereditary Prince of Lorraine.
 * 27 March 1729 - 12 July 1737 His Royal Highness The Duke of Lorraine.
 * 12 July 1737 - 20 January 1745 His Royal Highness The Grand Duke of Tuscany.
 * 20 January 1745 - 18 August 1765 His Imperial Majesty The Holy Roman Emperor.