Ludwig I of Bavaria

Ludwig I of Bavaria (Ludwig Karl August; 25 August 1786 – 29 February 1868) was King of Bavaria from 1825 until the 1848 revolutions in the German states. When he was crown prince, he was involved in the Napoleonic Wars. As king, he encouraged Bavaria's industrialisation, initiating the Ludwig Canal between the rivers Main and the Danube. In 1835, the first German railway was constructed in his domain, between the cities of Fürth and Nuremberg, with his Bavaria joining the Zollverein economic union in 1834. After the July Revolution of 1830 in France, Ludwig's previous liberal policy became increasingly repressive, in 1844, Ludwig was confronted during the Beer riots in Bavaria. During the revolutions of 1848 the king faced increasing protests and demonstrations by students and the middle classes. On 20 March 1848, he abdicated in favour of his eldest son, Maximilian.

Marriage
On 12 October 1810, he married Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen in Munich.

Issue

 * 1) Maximilian II of Bavaria (28 November 1811 - 10 March 1864) married Princess Marie of Prussia and had issue.
 * 2) Princess Mathilde Karoline of Bavaria (August 30 1813 – May 25 1862) married Ludwig, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine and had issue.
 * 3) Prince Otto of Bavaria (1 June 1815 – 26 July 1867) elected King of Greece, married Duchess Amalie of Oldenburg but had no issue.
 * 4) Princess Theodolinde of Bavaria (7 October 1816 - 12 April 1817) died in infancy.
 * 5) Prince Luitpold of Bavaria (12 March 1821 - 12 December 1912) regent of Bavaria from 1886 to 1912, due to the incapacity of his nephews, King Ludwig II for three days and King Otto for 26 years. Married Archduchess Auguste Ferdinande of Austria and had issue.
 * 6) Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria (March 1823 – 28 October 1914) married Francis V, Duke of Modena and had issue.
 * 7) Princess Hildegard of Bavaria (10 June 1825 – 2 April 1864) married Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen and had issue.
 * 8) Princess Alexandra of Bavaria (26 August 1826 – 21 September 1875) never married.
 * 9) Prince Adalbert of Bavaria (19 July 1828 – 21 September 1875) married Infanta Amalia of Spain and had issue.

Titles and styles

 * 25 August 1786- 1 April 1795  His Serene Highness Prince Ludwig of Bavaria.
 * 1 April 1795 - 27 February 1799 His Highness The Hereditary Prince of Zweibrücken.
 * 27 February 1799 - 1 January 1806 His Highness The Hereditary Prince of Zweibrücken, Electoral Prince of Bavaria.
 * 1 January 1806 - 13 October 1825 His Royal Highness The Crown Prince of Bavaria.
 * 13 October 1825 - 20 March 1848 His Majesty The King.
 * 20 March 1848 - 29 February 1868 His Majesty King Ludwig I.