Louise d'Artois

Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois (Louise Marie Thérèse; 21 September 1819 – 1 February 1864) was a duchess and later the regent of Parma. She was the eldest daughter Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, younger son of King Charles X of France an Princess Maria Carolina of Naples and Sicily, daughter of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies. She served as regent of Parma during the minority o her son from 1854 until 1859. She is known simply as Louise.

Children

 * 1) Princess Margherita of Parma (1 January 1847 – 29 January 1893) married Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid and had children.
 * 2) Robert I, Duke of Parma (9 Julie 1848 – 16 November 1907) married (1) Princess Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies and had children, then married (2) Maria Theresa of Austria) an had children then married (3) Infanta Maria Antonia o Portugal  and had children.
 * 3) Princess Alicia of Parma 27 December 1849 – 16 January 1935) married Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany an haed issue.
 * 4) Prince Enrico of Parma, Count of Bardi (12 February 1851 – 14 April 1905) married (1)  Princess Luisa Immacolata of the Two Sicilies, then married (2) Infanta Adelgundes of Portugal and had children.

Titles and styles

 * 21 September 1819 — 10 November 1845 Her Ryal Highness Louise d’Artois, Granddaughter of France.
 * 10 November 1845 — 17 December 1847  Her Royal Highness The Hereditary Princess of Lucca.
 * 17 December 1847 — 25 August 1849 Her Royal Highness The Hereditary Princess of Parma.
 * 25 August 1849 — 27 March 1854 [[Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Parma.
 * 27 Mairch 1854 — 3 December 1859  [[Her Royal Highness The Dowager Duchess of Parma, Regent of the Duchy.
 * 3 December 1859 — 1 Februar 1864 [[Her Royal Highness The Dowager Duchess of Parma.