Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine

Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine ("Superintendent of the Queen's Household"), or only Surintendante, was the senior lady-in-waiting at the royal court of France from 1619 until the French revolution. The Surintendante was selected from the members of the highest French nobility.

History
The office was created in 1619. The Surintendante and the Governess of the Children of France were the only female office holders in France to give an oath of loyalty to the King himself. The surintendante had about the same tasks as the Première dame d'honneur: receiving the oath of the female personnel before they took office and supervising them and the queen's daily routine, as well as organizing the accounts and staff list, but she was placed in rank above the première dame d'honneur. The post of surintendante could be left vacant for long periods, and was abolished between the death of Marie Anne de Bourbon in 1741 and the appointment of Princess Marie Louise of Savoy in 1775.

During the Second Empire, the Grande-Maitresse was the equivalent of the Surintendante, being formally the highest female official at court but in practice with the same tasks as the dame d'honneur.

Surintendante to Anne of Austria 1619-1666

 * 1619-1637: Marie de Rohan, Duchess of Chevreuse
 * 1657-1666: Anne Marie Martinozzi, Princess of Conti

Surintendante to Marie Thérèse of Austria 1660-1683

 * 1660-1661: Anne Gonzaga
 * 1661-1679: Olympia Mancini, Countess of Soissons
 * 1679-1683: Françoise de Rochechouart, Marquise of Montespan

Surintendante to Marie Leszczyńska 1725-1768

 * 1725-1741: Marie Anne de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Clermont
 * 1741-1768: Abolished

Surintendante to Marie Antoinette 1775-1792

 * 1775-1792: Princess Marie Louise of Savoy, Princess of Lamballe