Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
.PNG){kind=small}
Francis I (8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was the sovereign Duke of Lorraine and Bar (1729–1737), and later Grand Duke of Tuscany (1737–1765), who married Maria Theresa of Austria and became the last non-Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor (1745–1765) and Archduke of Austria (1740–1765). His wife effectively ruled Austria and the Holy Roman Empire. They were the founders of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. The oldest surviving son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, Francis left the duchy for the deposed Polish king Stanisław Leszczyński in exchange for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany as one of the terms ending the War of the Polish Succession in 1738. The duchy and the ducal title to Lorraine and Bar passed to King Louis XV of France upon Leszczynski's death in 1766, though Francis and his successors retained the right to style themselves as dukes of Lorraine and Bar.
Issue[edit]
- Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (5 February 1737–7 June 1740) died in infancy.
- Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (6 October 1738 –19 November 1789) died in infancy.
- Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (12 January 1740 –25 January 1741) died in infancy.
- Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (13 March 1741–20 February 1790) married (1) Princess Isabella of Parma then (2) Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria and had issue.
- Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria (13 May 1742–24 June 1798) married Prince Albert Casimir August of Saxony and had issue.
- Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (13 August 1743–22 September 1808) never married.
- Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria (1 February 1745–18 January 1761) never married.
- Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria ( 26 February 1746–9 June 1804) married Ferdinando I, Duke of Parma and had issue.
- Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (5 May 1747–1 March 1792) married Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain and had issue.
- Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (stillborn 17 September 1748)
- Archduchess Johanna Gabriele of Austria (4 February 1750–23 December 1762) died in infancy.
- Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria (19 March 1751–15 October 1767) never married
- Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (13 August 1752–7 September 1814) married Ferdinando IV of Naples, III of Sicily and had issue.
- Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, Duke of Breisgau (1 June 1754–24 December 1806) married Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa and had issue.
- Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria (Marie Antoinette) (2 November 1755–16 October 1793) married Louis XVI of France and had issue.
- Archduke Maximilian Franz of Austria (8 December 1756–27 July 1801) never married.
Titles and styles[edit]
- 8 December 1708 - 4 June 1723 His Highness Prince Francis Stephan of Lorraine.
- 4 June 1723 - 27 March 1729 His Highness The Hereditary Prince of Lorraine.
- 27 March 1729 – 9 July 1737 His Royal Highness The Duke of Lorraine.
- 12 July 1737 – 18 August 1765 His Royal Highness The Grand Duke of Tuscany.
- 13 September 1745 – 18 August 1765 His Imperial Majesty The Holy Roman Emperor.
- 1708 births
- 1765 deaths
- Holy Roman Emperors
- Grand Dukes of Tuscany
- House of Habsburg-Lorraine (Austria)
- House of Habsburg (Austria)
- House of Lorraine
- Hereditary Princes of Lorraine
- Dukes of Teschen
- Dukes of Lorraine
- Jure uxoris kings
- Princes of Lorraine
- Fellows of the Royal Society
- Grand Masters of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Austria)
- Knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Austria)
- Burials at the Imperial Crypt
- Burials at St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna
- People from Nancy, France
- Freemasons of the Premier Grand Lodge of England
- Recipients of the Military Order of Maria Theresa
- Dukes of Carniola
- Imperial generals of the Holy Roman Empire
- Deaths from stroke