Grand Duchy of Tuscany

The Grand Duchy in 1700

The Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Italian : Granducato di Toscana, Latin :Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was a monarchy in Tuscany, an area in the north-west of the Italian Peninsula. It existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859. It replaced the Duchy of Florence. It was ruled by the Grand Duke of Tuscany. The capital of the grand duchy was Florence. Until the House of Lorraine took over from the Medici, Tuscany was a state of the Holy Roman Empire until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Under the Medici the heir to the grand ducal throne was called the "Grand Prince of Tuscany" whereas the Lorrainers used several different titles for the heir apparent.

Medici Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1569–1737

Portrait	Name	Lifespan	Reign	Consorts	Succession
	Cosimo I de' Medici	12 June 1519 – 21 April 1574	21 August 1569 – 21 April 1574	(1) Eleanor of Toledo 29 June 1539 Florence 11 children (2) Camilla Martelli 1570 1 daughter	Son of Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, later became the first Grand Duke of Tuscany.
	Francesco I de' Medici	25 March 1541 – 19 October 1587	21 April 1574 – 17 October 1587	(1) Joanna of Austria 18 December 1565 Florence 8 children (2) Bianca Cappello 10 June 1579 1 son	Son of Cosimo I
	Ferdinando I de' Medici	30 July 1549 – 3 February 1609	19 October 1587 – 7 February 1609	Christina of Lorraine 1589 Florence 9 children	Son of Cosimo I
	Cosimo II de' Medici	12 May 1590 – 28 February 1621	17 February 1609 – 28 February 1621	Maria Maddalena of Austria 1608 8 children	Son of Ferdinando I
	Ferdinando II de' Medici	14 July 1610 – 23 May 1670	28 February 1621 – 23 May 1670	Vittoria della Rovere 6 April 1637 4 children	Son of Cosimo II
	Cosimo III de' Medici	14 August 1642 – 31 October 1723	23 May 1670 – 31 October 1723	Marguerite Louise d'Orléans 17 April 1661 Louvre 3 children	Son of Ferdinando II
	Gian Gastone de' Medici	24 May 1671 – 9 July 1737	31 October 1723 – 9 July 1737	Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg 2 July 1697 Düsseldorf no issue	Son of Cosimo III

Habsburg-Lorraine grand dukes of Tuscany, 1737–1801

Portrait	Name	Lifespan	Reign	Consorts	Succession
	Francesco II Stefano	8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765	12 July 1737 – 18 August 1765	Maria Theresa 12 February 1736 Vienna 16 children	Great-great-great-grandson of Francesco I, received Tuscany per the terms of the Treaty of Vienna
	Leopoldo I	5 May 1747 – 1 March 1792	18 August 1765 – 22 July 1790	Maria Luisa of Spain 16 February 1764 Madrid 16 children	Second son of Francesco II Stefano
	Ferdinando III	6 May 1769 – 18 June 1824	22 July 1790 – 3 August 1801	(1) Luisa of Naples and Sicily 19 September 1790 Vienna 6 children (2) Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony 6 May 1821 Florence no issue	Second son of Leopoldo I

Flags and Coats of arms

• House of Medici
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  Flag of Grand Duchy of Tuscany
  (1562–1737)

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  Coat of arms
  (1562–1737)

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  Naval flag
  (16th century–1737)

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  Civil ensign
  (17th century–1737)

• House of Habsburg-Lorraine (Tuscany)
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  Imperial Banner of the HRE as state/naval flag
  (1749–1765)

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  State flag with Lesser Coat of arms
  (1815–1848, 1849–1860)

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  State flag with Great Coat of arms
  (1765–1800, 1815–1848, 1849–1860)

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  Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
  (1848–1849)

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  Lesser Coat of arms
  (1815–1848, 1849–1860)

• 

  Great Coat of arms
  (1765–1800, 1815–1848, 1849–1860)

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  Naval flag
  (1737–1749)

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  Civil flag and civil ensign
  (1815–1848, 1849–1860)