View source for Grand Duchy of Tuscany


[[File:GrandDuchyofTuscany1700.png|thumbright|thumb|250px|The Grand Duchy in 1700]]
The '''Grand Duchy of Tuscany''' (Italian : ''Granducato di Toscana'', Latin :''Magnus Ducatus Etruriae'') was a monarchy in [[Tuscany]], an area in the north-west of the [[Italian Peninsula]]. It existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859. It replaced the [[Duchy of Florence]]. It was ruled by the [[Grand Duke of Tuscany]]. The capital of the grand duchy was [[Florence]]. Until the [[House of Lorraine]] took over from the [[House of Medici|Medici]], Tuscany was a state of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] until the [[Peace of Westphalia]] in 1648. Under the Medici the heir to the grand ducal throne was called the "[[Grand Prince of Tuscany]]" whereas the Lorrainers used several different titles for the [[heir apparent]]. 




==Medici Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1569–1737==

{| width=98% class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! width="5%" |Portrait
! width="17%" |Name
! width="20%" |Lifespan
! width="20%" |Reign
! width="22%" |Consorts
! width="28%" |Succession
|-
|[[File:Agnolo_Bronzino_-_Cosimo_I_de'_Medici_in_armour_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|110px]]
|[[Cosimo I de' Medici]]
|12 June 1519 – 21 April 1574
|21 August 1569 – 21 April 1574
|(1) [[Eleanor of Toledo]]<br>29 June 1539<br>[[Florence]]<br>11 children<br>(2) [[Camilla Martelli]]<br>1570<br>1 daughter
|Son of [[Giovanni dalle Bande Nere]], later became the first Grand Duke of Tuscany.
|-
|[[File:Portrait_of_Francesco_I_de'_Medici_(by_Alessandro_Allori).jpg|110px]]
|[[Francesco I de' Medici]]
|25 March 1541 – 19 October 1587
|21 April 1574 – 17 October 1587
|(1) [[Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany|Joanna of Austria]]<br>18 December 1565<br>[[Florence]]<br>8 children<br>(2) [[Bianca Cappello]]<br>10 June 1579<br>1 son
|Son of Cosimo I
|-
|[[File:S_Pulzone_Fernando_I_de_Medicis_Uffizi_1590.jpg|110px]]
|[[Ferdinando I de' Medici]]
|30 July 1549 – 3 February 1609
|19 October 1587 – 7 February 1609
|[[Christina of Lorraine]]<br>1589<br>[[Florence]]<br>9 children
|Son of Cosimo I
|-
|[[File:Justus_Sustermans_010.jpg|110px]]
|[[Cosimo II de' Medici]]
|12 May 1590 – 28 February 1621
|17 February 1609 – 28 February 1621
|[[Maria Maddalena of Austria]]<br>1608<br>8 children
|Son of Ferdinando I
|-
|[[File:Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_F._Medici.jpg|110px]]
|[[Ferdinando II de' Medici]]
|14 July 1610 – 23 May 1670
|28 February 1621 – 23 May 1670
|[[Vittoria della Rovere]]<br>6 April 1637<br>4 children
|Son of Cosimo II
|-
|[[File:Volterrano,_Cosimo_III_de'_Medici_in_grand_ducal_robes_(Warsaw_Royal_Castle).jpg|110px]]
|[[Cosimo III de' Medici]]
|14 August 1642 – 31 October 1723
|23 May 1670 – 31 October 1723
|[[Marguerite Louise d'Orléans]]<br>17 April 1661<br>[[Louvre Palace|Louvre]]<br>3 children
|Son of Ferdinando II
|-
|[[File:Giangastonecoronation.jpg|110px]]
|[[Gian Gastone de' Medici]]
|24 May 1671 – 9 July 1737
|31 October 1723 – 9 July 1737
|[[Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg]]<br>2 July 1697<br>[[Düsseldorf]]<br>no issue
|Son of Cosimo III
|}


==Habsburg-Lorraine grand dukes of Tuscany, 1737–1801==

{| width=98% class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! width="5%" |Portrait
! width="17%" |Name
! width="20%" |Lifespan
! width="20%" |Reign
! width="22%" |Consorts
! width="28%" |Succession
|-
|[[File:Martin_van_Meytens_006.jpg|110px]]
|[[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francesco II Stefano]]
|8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765
|12 July 1737 – 18 August 1765
|[[Maria Theresa]]<br>12 February 1736<br>[[Vienna]]<br>16 children
|Great-great-great-grandson of Francesco I, received Tuscany per the terms of the [[Treaty of Vienna (1738)|Treaty of Vienna]]
|-
|[[File:Mengs,_Anton_Raphael_-_Pietro_Leopoldo_d'Asburgo_Lorena,_granduca_di_Toscana_-_1770_-_Prado.jpg|110px]]
|[[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopoldo I]]
|5 May 1747 – 1 March 1792
|18 August 1765 – 22 July 1790
|[[Maria Luisa of Spain]]<br>16 February 1764<br>[[Madrid]]<br>16 children
|Second son of Francesco II Stefano
|-
|[[File:Joseph_Dorffmeister_002.jpg|110px]]
|[[Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Ferdinando III]]
|6 May 1769 – 18 June 1824
|22 July 1790 – 3 August 1801
|(1) [[Luisa of Naples and Sicily]]<br>19 September 1790<br>[[Vienna]]<br>6 children<br>(2) [[Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony]]<br>6 May 1821<br>[[Florence]]<br>no issue
|Second son of Leopoldo I
|}




== Flags and Coats of arms ==
<gallery class="center" caption="House of Medici">
File:Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Medici period).svg|Flag of Grand Duchy of Tuscany<br/>(1562–1737)
File:Coat of Arms of the Grand duchy of Tuscany.svg|Coat of arms<br/>(1562–1737)
File:Galere di Santo Stefano.svg|Naval flag<br />([[16th century]]–[[1737]])
File:Flag of the Granduchy of Tuscany (XVII - c. 1737).svg|Civil ensign<br />([[17th century]]–[[1737]])
</gallery>
<gallery class="center" caption="House of Habsburg-Lorraine (Tuscany)">
File:Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg|Imperial Banner of the [[Holy Roman Empire|HRE]] as state/naval flag<br/>(1749–1765)
File:Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany with Lesser Coat of arms.svg|State flag with Lesser Coat of arms<br/>(1815–1848, 1849–1860)
File:Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany with Great Coat of arms.svg|State flag with Great Coat of arms<br/>(1765–1800, 1815–1848, 1849–1860)<ref name="rbvex.it">[http://www.rbvex.it/toscana.html Bandiere degli Stati italiani preunitari: Toscana].</ref>
File:State Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1848-1849).svg|Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany<br/>(1848–1849)
File:Coat of Arms of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine (Tuscany).svg|Lesser Coat of arms<br/>(1815–1848, 1849–1860)
File:Greater coat of Arms of the Grand duchy of Tuscany.svg|Great Coat of arms<br/>(1765–1800, 1815–1848, 1849–1860)<ref name="rbvex.it"/>
File:Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (c. 1737 - c. 1749).svg|Naval flag<br/>(1737–1749)
File:Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.svg|Civil flag and civil ensign<br/>(1815–1848, 1849–1860)
</gallery>





{{Former Monarchies}}
{{Former monarchies Italian peninsula}}
{{Grand Dukes of Tuscany}}

[[Category:Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
[[Category:Italian states|Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
[[Category:History of Tuscany]]
[[Category:History of Florence]]
[[Category:History of Siena]]
[[Category:History of Pisa]]
[[Category:Tuscany|Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1569]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1814]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1859]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1801]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1859]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1860]]
[[Category:1569 establishments in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
[[Category:1801 disestablishments in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
[[Category:1815 establishments in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
[[Category:1859 disestablishments in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
[[Category:2nd millennium in Italy|Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
[[Category:House of Bourbon (Parma)]]
[[Category:House of Habsburg-Lorraine]]
[[Category:House of Medici]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of Europe]]