Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma

Marie Louise of Austria
circa 1812 portrait of Empress Marie Louise.
Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
Reign	11 April 1814 – 17 December 1847
Predecessors	Jean-Jacques-Régis (Parma) Charles-François (Piacenza) Pauline (Guastalla)
Successors	Charles II (Parma and Piacenza) Francis V (Guastalla)
Empress consort of the French Queen consort of Italy
Tenure	1 April 1810 – 6 April 1814
Born	(1791-12-12)12 December 1791 Hofburg, Vienna, Austria, Holy Roman Empire
Died	17 December 1847(1847-12-17) (aged 56) Parma, Duchy of Parma
Spouse	Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (m 11 March 1810) Adam Albert, Count of Neipperg (m 8 August 1821) Charles-René, Count of Bombelles (m 17 February 1834)
Issue	Napoleon II Princess Albertine von Neipperg William Albert, 1st Prince of Montenuovo Princess Mathilde von Neipperg
Full name
Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Franziska Therese Josepha Lucia
House	Habsburg-Lorraine
Father	Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Mother	Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
Burial	Imperial Crypt
Signature
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Marie Louise of Austria (Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Franziska Therese Josepha Lucia 12 December 1791 – 17 December 1847) was an Austrian archduchess who reigned as Duchess of Parma from 11 April 1814 until her death. She was Napoleon's second wife and as such Empress of the French and Queen of Italy from their marriage on 1 April 1810 until his abdication on 6 April 1814. Napoleon's fortunes changed dramatically in 1812 after his failed invasion of Russia. The European powers, including Austria, resumed hostilities towards France in the War of the Sixth Coalition, which ended with the abdication of Napoleon and his exile to Elba. The 1814 Treaty of Fontainebleau gave the Duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla to Marie Louise, who ruled the duchies until her death.

Issue with Napoleon

1. Napoleon II (20 March 1811 – 22 July 1832) never married.